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KMID : 1171820040190040009
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Journal of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering
2004 Volume.19 No. 4 p.9 ~ p.18
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Study on the Yellow Sandy Dust Phenomena in Korean Peninsula and Chemical Compositions in Fine Particles at Background Sites of Korea
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Baek Kwang-Wook
Chung Jin-Do
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Abstract
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In this study, the observation data for the yellow sandy dust phenomena from the year 1999 to 2003 at background sites in Korea were collected at Global Atmospheric Observatory at An-Myeon island and its temporal variation were analyzed. The chemical characteristics of the fine particles were also analyzed in order to evaluate sources of the yellow sandy dust particles. The results showed that the monthly average mass concentration of the fine particles was the highest in springtime and the lowest in summertime in general. The magnitude of its variation was also the highest in March in which the occurrence of yellow sandy dust was the most frequent and thus the number of samples was the largest, while the lowest in June through September. The yearly variation of ion components contributions to the total mass concentration of the fine particles was slowly decreasing, showing that 63% in 1999, 59% in 2000 and 56% in 2003. The most prevalent ion components in the fine particles were found to be NO₃- and SO₄²-, which are known to be source materials of acidic precipitation, and NHL₄+, a neutralizing material of the acid precipitation. Relative proportion of metal components in the fine particles was calculated as 14% in average, and their concentrations are in an order of Fe ＞ Al ＞ Na ＞ Ca ＞ Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Cu ＞ Mn ＞ Ni ＞ Cd ＞ Cr ＞ Co ＞ U. The results indicated that main sources of the metals was soil-originated Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg, and the contribution of anthropogenic air pollution-originated Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn were also high and keep slightly increasing. Statistical analysis showed that the chemical components could be divided into soil-originated group of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and Mn and air pollution-originated group of NO₃-, Zn, Pb, and they are occupying more than 60% of all the components in the dusty sand. The results explain that An-Myeon island is more influenced by soil-originated source than ocean-originated one and also the influencing strength of anthropogenic pollution-originated source is less than 50% of that of soil-originated sources. Compared to non-yellow sandy period, the yellow sandy dust period showed that the amounts of soil-originated Mg²+ and Ca²+ and ocean-originated Na+ and Cl- were increased to more than double and the metals of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe were also highly increased, while micro metal components such as Pb, Cd, Zn, which have a tendency of concentrating in air, were either decreased or maintained at nearly constant level. In the period of yellow sandy dust, a strong positive correlation was observed between water soluble ions and between metals in terms of its concentration, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first group being comprised of about 43 % of the total inorganic components was affected by soil and they are ions of Na+, Mg²+ and Ca²+ and metals of Na, Fe, Mn and Ni. The result also showed that the metals of Mg and Cr were classified as second group and they were also highly affected by soil sources.
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KEYWORD
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yellow sandy dust, fine particles
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